The Absolute Music Debate – Hanslick, Wagner, and the meaning of sound
The debate over the nature of absolute music began in the 19th century, primarily due to two prominent composers, Eduard Hanslick and Richard Wagner.
Hanslick’s influential book ‘Guido Sage’ (1850) shaped the views held by many musicians regarding the role of emotion in musical expression. In contrast, Wagner’s revolutionary ideas expressed that music must convey the deepest emotions to be considered absolute.
Emotional Expression in Music: Hanslick
Hanslick believed that music should not aim at expressing deep emotions or moods.
He argued that a work of art should only present itself as it is, without any additional layers of interpretation:
“Mein Buch ist kein Lehrschrift; es giebt sie schon genug solcher.” (“My book is no textbook; there are already enough of those.”)
In his opinion, music’s beauty lies in its form and harmony rather than its emotional message.
The Emotional Power of Music: Wagner
Wagner thought that a great piece must evoke profound emotions.
He famously said:
“Mein Musik ist nicht Kunst; meine Kunst ist Musik.” (“My music is not art; my art is music.”)
To achieve this, composers must delve into the deeper aspects of human nature and express themselves authentically.
Understanding Absolute Music: Bach’s Influence
One of Bach’s major contributions to the absolute music debate was his innovative compositions. His “Well-tempered Clavier,” for example, includes pieces in all 24 keys and showcases a perfect balance between technique and emotion.
Bach demonstrated that, even with intricate structure and complexity, one could still convey deep feelings through composition.
Conclusion: Embracing Diversity
The debate surrounding the nature of absolute music highlights different perspectives on musical expression.
In order for art to flourish, we need both of these views — one must respect the artist’s intention while acknowledging individual interpretation.
Ultimately, it is up to each listener to form their own relationship with a piece of music.