Nationhood in Notes – Sibelius, Smetana, and the Rise of the Folk-Iddiom
The concept of nationhood has been a topic of discussion among musicians, composers, and philosophers for centuries. In the early 20th century, two Finnish composers, Jean Sibelius and Bedřich Smetana, contributed to this discourse through their folk-idiom compositions. These works not only reflect their national identities but also shed light on the nationhood concept.
### National Identity and Folk Music
Folk music has long been a source of inspiration for composers seeking to express their national identity. In the case of Sibelius and Smetana, they turned to folk melodies and themes to create a sense of belonging and unity among their people.
#### Jean Sibelius (Jano Sibelius)
Sibelius’s “Kuolema” (Death) from his Symphony No. 3, Op. 78 (1899-1903), is an example of how folk music can be used to evoke a national spirit. The piece features the traditional Swedish folk melody, “Folkvisa på D-Dur” (“Folk Song in D Major”), which Sibelius transcribed from memory.
Sibelius believed that his music should be rooted in the Finnish people’s psyche and traditions. He felt that his compositions could bring about a sense of national unity among Finns.
— John Cloughjansson, American composer and musicologist
#### Bedřich Smetana (Bedřich Vlodymir Smetana)
Smetana’s “Má vlast” (“My Homeland”) from his Six Paints, Op. 15b (1889-1891), is a quintessential example of how folk music can be used to express national identity.
The nation must be born out of art and music as well as out of words… Only then will the people know what they are.
— Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer
### Nationalism in Music
Sibelius and Smetana’s use of folk music in their compositions reflects the nationalist movement that was prevalent during this time period. Nationalism emphasized the importance of preserving and promoting a nation’s unique culture, customs, and traditions.
#### Nationalism and Folk-Music
In the context of music, nationalism often involved the use of folk melodies, rhythms, and harmonies to create a sense of national identity. This approach was meant to evoke feelings of patriotism and shared heritage among the people of a particular nation.
### Conclusion
The works of Sibelius and Smetana demonstrate how folk-idiom compositions can be used to express national identity and promote a sense of nationhood. Their use of traditional melodies and themes reflects the nationalist movement of their time, highlighting the importance of preserving cultural heritage and promoting national unity.
### References
* Cloughjansson, J. (2012). Jean Sibelius: Symphony No. 3 in c Op 78 (Ed.): Oxford University Press.
* Smetana, B. V. (1889-1891). Six Paints for Orchestra in C Major. Bohemia Publishing House.
