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Introduction
The evolution of a form from Mozart to Schnittke begins in 1750 and is known as the period of “Classical Form”. It is characterized by a structure that is based on the repetition of one or more sections of music with variations in tempo, dynamics, rhythm, harmony and melody. This structure was established by the German composer, Johann Sebastian Bach, in the 18th century.
The Sonata Form
The sonata form was introduced by the Austrian composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in the late 18th century. It is characterized by three distinct sections: a sonata-style opening movement; a set of variations on a theme; and an “allegro” or upbeat concluding movement. These elements were later adopted and adapted by composers such as George Friguesi and Franz Joseph Haydn. By the late 18th century, sonata form was also adopted by the Russian composer, Johann Christian Rehcke.
Mozart’s Sonata Form
Mozart’s early sonata compositions were marked by a structure of two sections and a finale. This structure of one or two movements was later adopted by other composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. These composers would expand on their sonata form, creating variations of their own that were more complex and ornate.
Schnittke’s Sonata Form
Schnittke’s sonata form was characterized by a structure of four movements: two opening movements; a slow, complex variation movement; and a finale. These movements were designed to be performed together, in a complete cycle, in a performance lasting between 20 and 40 minutes.
Conclusion
The evolution of a form from Mozart to Schnittke can be seen as a progression from the classical period to the modern period. Sonata form was established by these two composers and was adopted by many composers thereafter. It is now a standard form in Western music.
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